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C. Huan 1 U. N Daut? N. A Muhammad' M. Nasaruddin' J. A. Abdul Rahaman | 'Department of Pulmonology T Hospital Serdang, Jalan Puchong, 43000 I Kajang o Selangor Malaysia Department of Medicine | Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty ofMedicine and Health Sciences b Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 t Serdang Selangor Malaysia Correspondence author | K.L Ng, Department of Pulmonology T Hospital Serdang 3, Jalan Puchong 43000 Kajang . Selangor Malaysia Telephone 0167228390. Email khailip08(@yahoo. com DOI | https://doi.org/10.32896/ tij.v2n3.1-5 Submitted | 10.02.2022 Accepted | 20.08.2022 Published | 30.09.2022 ABSTRACT : Foreign body aspiration refers to accidental inhalation of foreign body into the respiratory tract. More commonly observed in children | foreign body aspiration is less common in adults. Traditionally observed amongst Indian women | nose piercing and jewellery are gaining popularity in various communities for the past decade Aspiration of tiny nose jewellery such as nose stud screws is a serious and potentially fatal event Small foreign bodies may dislodge further into the subsegmental bronchus O rendering bronchoscopic retrieval technically challenging Herein | we report the first 2 cases of nose stud screw aspiration Both of our patients were asymptomatic Both foreign bodies were successfully retrieved via bronchoscopy using different tools and methods Keywords : Aspiration Bronchoscopy | Foreign body T Nose stud Piercings. INTRODUCTION | disease was referred for an abnormal chest Nose piercing is traditionally a common practice radiograph Her chest radiograph was done among women of Indian ancestry The practice of initially to assess her fluid status post nose piercing has gained significant popularity in haemodialysis for chronic kidney failure C The various communities worldwide for the past chest radiograph revealed a foreign body at the decade The practice can potentially lead to right lower lobe lung field (Figure 1(A I and (B) )) aspiration ofnose jewellery such as screws ofnose She was otherwise asymptomatic and could not studs. Aspiration of small foreign bodies can be recall any episodes of foreign body aspiration silent although potentially serious and life Flexible bronchoscope did not reveal any foreign threatening sequelae can happen in long term body in the right segmental bronchi due to contact Herein 1 we present 2 patients of Indian ancestry bleeding secondary to friable bronchial mucosa. who aspirated screw of nose studs with different Urgent computed tomography revealed a screw methods of retrieval shaped foreign body in the posterior basal segment (RB10 | of the right lower lobe with segmental CASE REPORT collapse (Figure 1(C I and (D)). After a | Case 1 multidisciplinary discussion involving with diabetes pulmonologists D cardiothoracic A50-year-oldlady of Indian descent surgeons b anaesthetists, mellitus end-stage patient herself and family members D . hypertension and kidney a decision was made to proceed with foreign body " }, { "page": 1, "image_url": "https://nnts.imgix.net/uploadedfiles/rawocr/971a6221-2b6b-4df8-9b6a-0a4f4b7df324-2.jpeg?auto=compress&expires=1664451984&or=0&s=5017070669ce703a93c3809615ab9339", "size": { "width": 2481, "height": 3508 }, "words": [ { "text": "TIJ2022", "xmin": 220, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 367, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "V2.N3", "xmin": 382, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 479, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "The", "xmin": 1787, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 1847, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "Interventionalist", "xmin": 1861, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 2132, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "Journal", "xmin": 2144, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 2264, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "https", "xmin": 1839, "ymin": 175, "xmax": 1901, "ymax": 200 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( (A) ) Chest radiograph showing small radio-opaque foreign body in the right lower lobe (vellow arrow ) (B ) Magnified image of the foreign body in the chest radiograph (yellow arrow ) ( C) Contrasted computed tomography of thorax ( mediastinal window in coronal view revealed a screw shaped foreign body in the posterior basal segment (RB10 of right lower lobe (yellow arrow ). (D 0 Contrasted computed tomography of thorax (lung window in axial view showing the foreign body located at posterior basal segment ( RB10 of Fright lower lobe with segmental collapse (yellow arrow 1 (E 1 Foreign body embedded into bronchial mucosa, surrounded by granulation tissue (F | Successful retrieval of screw of nose stud using retrieval basket 2 " }, { "page": 2, "image_url": "https://nnts.imgix.net/uploadedfiles/rawocr/971a6221-2b6b-4df8-9b6a-0a4f4b7df324-3.jpeg?auto=compress&expires=1664451984&or=0&s=b46fbb8d01e07acb4d4e4dc48ff60bea", "size": { "width": 2481, "height": 3508 }, "words": [ { "text": "TIJ2022", "xmin": 220, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 368, "ymax": 157 }, { "text": "V2.N3", "xmin": 382, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 482, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "The", "xmin": 1787, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 1849, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "Interventionalist", "xmin": 1861, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 2132, "ymax": 157 }, { "text": "Journal", "xmin": 2144, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 2265, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": 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"ymin": 3182, "xmax": 2055, "ymax": 3215 }, { "text": "the", "xmin": 2072, "ymin": 3181, "xmax": 2132, "ymax": 3217 }, { "text": "first", "xmin": 2147, "ymin": 3180, "xmax": 2226, "ymax": 3216 }, { "text": "3", "xmin": 1231, "ymin": 3292, "xmax": 1244, "ymax": 3319 } ], "raw_text": "TIJ2022 V2.N3 The Interventionalist Journal https: //theinterventionalists.con removal under rigid bronchoscopy and (4 1 adults who are subjected to oropharyngeal fluorography guidance Due to the distal location procedures and (5 ) adults with various nasal or of foreign body, we utilised a thin bronchoscope oral appliances [3]. ( aScopeTM 4 Broncho, Ambu, Ballerup 0 Denmark X| Commonly aspirated foreign bodies include outer diameter 3.8cm 1 working channel 1.2cm ) to organic materials such as bones 6 seeds b nuts as aid in localization of the foreign body A metallic well as inorganic materials such as coins and pins foreign body- specifically a nose stud screw | was [4]. Larger foreign bodies tend to lodge at the discovered in the lateral segment of right lower trachea or main bronchi (especially at the right lobe (RB9 ) and was embedded into bronchial main bronchus A [1,2, 4]. This N is due to the fact that mucosa. surrounded dby granulation tissues (Figure the right main bronchus is wider and follows a 1(E) ). The nose stud screw was carefully retrieved more vertical trajectory compared to a more by using a retrieval basket after initial horizontal orientation of the left main bronchus b unsuccessful attempts to remove it via grasping making it easier for foreign bodies to lodge at the forceps (Figure 1(F F)). Fluorography post right side instead of the left due to gravity Patients procedure showed no residual foreign body There with foreign body inhalation can present with were no immediate complications and she was symptoms such as cough . shortness of breath and discharged well on the next day haemoptysis. Occasionally , some can present acutely with asphyxia Clinical presentations are Case 2 usually acute onset following aspiration 1 but A38-year-old Indian lady with schizophrenia was sometimes can be undetected for several years referred for incidental finding of a foreign body in until imaging such as chest radiograph n is done [5]. the right perihilar region on chest radiograph Her In contrast. small foreign bodies such as screw of chest radiograph was initially done to rule out nose stud as illustrated above did not give any physical injuries as she complained of chest symptom to the patients In both of our cases the discomfort after a fall while in the ward She could foreign bodies were found incidentally by chest not recall any foreign body aspiration episodes radiograph done for other reasons. Computed tomography confirmed the foreign Airway foreign bodies should be regarded as a body in the right main bronchus (Figure 2(A ) and medical emergency Foreign body in the airways (B 3)). Initial attempts to remove the foreign body and its evolution can cause bronchial stenosis 0 was unsuccessful via flexible bronchoscope as she abscess, atelectasis S pneumonia and was uncooperative despite on sedation. After a bronchiectasis [4, 6]. Various methods of foreign multidisciplinary discussion 1 a decision was made body retrieval utilizing flexible or rigid to proceed with rigid bronchoscopy under general bronchoscopy havebeen described in literature [1, anaesthesia. A golden nose stud screw was 2, 4, 7]. In both of our cases, we resort to using discovered at the opening of medial segment rigid bronchoscopy as flexible bronchoscopy were (RB5 ) of right middle lobe. The nose stud screw unsuccessful in retrieval of nose stud screws. We was gently removedby using arigid forceps under were unable to locate the foreign body in the distal direct visualisation She was successfully location in the first case due to contact bleeding extubated on the same day and discharged well a In the second case C the patient was uncooperative day later Performing rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia for such conditions provide better DISCUSSION | control of the airway as well as allowing Foreign body aspiration is most commonly utilization of various tools such as grasping observed in children less than 4 years old but can forceps and retrieval baskets. It also prevents happen in adults 3 especially among those with dislodgement of foreign body while passing neurological disorders [1-3]. The following narrow portions of the airway | such as through groups of adults are at increased risks of aspiration . namely | ) undergo foreign vocal cord and epiglottis. body (1 adults who Removing small foreign bodies such as nose studs oropharyngeal procedures, (2 ) patients intoxicated or nose stud screws can be challenging as they can with sedatives or alcohol, (3 ) patients with easily dislodge to distal airways and in areas not underlying neurological or psychiatric disorders b visualized by flexible bronchoscopy In the first 3 " }, { "page": 3, "image_url": "https://nnts.imgix.net/uploadedfiles/rawocr/971a6221-2b6b-4df8-9b6a-0a4f4b7df324-4.jpeg?auto=compress&expires=1664451984&or=0&s=1e89b1c47c1677b60c35df9b3cc9aa35", "size": { "width": 2481, "height": 3508 }, "words": [ { "text": "TI2022", "xmin": 220, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 367, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "V2.N3", "xmin": 382, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 480, "ymax": 157 }, { "text": "The", "xmin": 1787, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 1849, 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(B ) Contrasted computed tomography of thorax (lung window ) in axial view demonstrating foreign body in right main bronchus. case we were only able to visualize the foreign the first case report delineating aspiration of screw body when using a thin scope. We managed to of nose studs and their retrieval methods. The retrieve the small foreign body only via retrieval incidence and burden of nose stud aspiration basket Ifall bronchoscopy methods fail to retrieve remains unknown 7 and is likely underreported and the foreign body, patient would need to go through underrecognized I as patients can remain surgical procedure such as segmentectomy of the asymptomatic Unlike the hijab syndrome C which lung to remove the foreign body | If foreign body is largely confined to hijab wearers, the is located near the main bronchus, retrieval is implication of cnose stud syndrome\" could usually straight forward with rigid bronchoscope potentially be even bigger Nose piercing and and rigid forceps. jewellery is traditionally a common practice As both of our patients were asymptomatic C this amongst women of Indian ancestry | bearing both raises the question on whether a conservative cultural and religious significance. In the past approach would be acceptable Nagano et. al. decade however body piercing and jewellery has described a patient presenting with massive increased in popularity in both Western and haemoptysis after a prolonged period of relative Eastern communities. Various parts of the body quiescence due to a long-standing small foreign including the tongue C lips, nose C navel or even body I That patient unfortunately required a left genitals may be pierced The nose can be pierced lower lobectomy for foreign body retrieval and for through nasal septum or in fleshy nares before control of haemoptysis[8]. Wu et. al. on the other applying nasaljewellery 7 Apart from aspiration of hand reported a case of foreign body causing nasal jewellery | other complications include bronchiectasis, causing recurrent infection and infection | nasal hematoma, perichondritis , haemoptysis [9]. We believe that timely diagnosis bleeding and necrosis of cartilaginous nasal walls and prompt removal of foreign body is vital to can occur as a result of nasal piercings and avoid such complications. jewellery [12]. While aspiration of scarf pins among Muslim girls and ladies who wear hijab 0 called the chiiab CONCLUSION | syndrome have been extensively reported [10 1 In conclusion / foreign body aspiration can still 11], there is a paucity of publications regarding occur in adults cnose-stud syndrome 2 among Indian despite being uncommon communities. the of our knowledge is Aspiration of small objects such as nose studs can To best C this go unnoticed as patients might be asymptomatic. 4 " }, { "page": 4, "image_url": "https://nnts.imgix.net/uploadedfiles/rawocr/971a6221-2b6b-4df8-9b6a-0a4f4b7df324-5.jpeg?auto=compress&expires=1664451984&or=0&s=2c9f0994eba7de1b4b1017cd7d03152d", "size": { "width": 2481, "height": 3508 }, "words": [ { "text": "TIJ2022", "xmin": 220, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 367, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "V2.N3", "xmin": 382, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 479, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "The", "xmin": 1787, "ymin": 128, "xmax": 1849, "ymax": 156 }, { "text": "Interventionalist", "xmin": 1861, 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Oliveira CF | Almeida JF Troster EJ et al. bronchoscopy for both diagnosis and treatment Complications of tracheobronchial foreign Surgery is reserved for cases with extensive body aspiration in children | Report of 5 cases pulmonary damage or in an event where and review of the literature. Rev Hosp Clin .. bronchoscopy fails to retrieve foreign bodies 2002;57(3):108-111 Finally | we hope that our case report can help to 7. Kogure Y / Oki M Saka H Endobronchial increase awareness and understanding of potential foreign body removed by rigid bronchoscopy dangers of nose piercing after 39 years Interact Cardiovasc Thorac STATEMENT ETHICS Surg 2010 OF ;11(6):866-868 | 8 Informed consent was obtained from patient Nagano H Maeda A Kato T the et. al. Massive for the publication of this work haemoptysis caused by a long-standing foreign body in the airway Respirol I Case CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | Rep. 2020;8(7):e00647 I The authors have no potential conflicts of interest 9 Wu XL , Wu L Chen ZM Unusual bronchial to disclose foreign bodies with localized bronchiectasis in five children Case FUNDING Rep Med. 2019:1-8. : 10 Baram A Kakamad FH Bakir DA Scarf This article did not receive specific funding pin- related hijab syndrome A new name for an DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENTS | unusual type of foreign body aspiration The J Further information regarding the data used for Int Med Res. 2017;45(6):2078-2084 this work can be obtained from the corresponding 11 Othman S, Kakamad FH Salih RQ et al I author upon reasonable request via email at Hiiab Syndrome a neglected but serious khailip08@yahoo.com health problem in Muslim communities: A systematic review Edorium J Public Health / 2018:5:1-5 REFERENCES 12. 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